Ingestion of Gnathostoma infection in 1 case / 中国人兽共患病学报

The clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment process of the Gnathostoma infected patient were collected,and epidemiological investigation was carried out.The investigation results showed that the patients with eating wild boar in stomach nematode,the worms were removed by gastroscopy and examined by microscopy,small spines in the body,the spines of the posterior part and the posterior part of the body are thinner.The patient was confirmed cases of infection by Gnathostoma.

Associations of the MicroRNA-143/145 Polymorphisms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Severity of Coronary Heart Disease / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the possible effects of the microRNA(miR)-143/145 polymorphisms on cardiovascular risk factors and the severity of coronary heart disease(CHD) in Chinese Han people. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was employed to identify the genotypes of the rs353292 and rs4705343 polymorphisms for 380 patients with CHD and 163 CHD-free controls. The physiological and biochemical parameters between the genotypes were compared in the CHD patients and in controls,and the incidence of myocardial infarction(MI) was also compared between the genotypes in the CHD patients. Results The subjects with the rs353292 TT genotype had higher serum levels of triglycerides(F=3.00,P=0.05) and glucose(F=9.91,P<0.001) than the C carriers,and the subjects with the rs4705343 TT genotype had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension(Χ=6.35,P=0.04) than the C carriers in the control group. The patients with the rs353292 TT genotype had significantly higher serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(F=8.43,P<0.001) than the C carriers in the CHD group,and the frequency of MI was significantly higher in the patients with the rs353292 TT genotype than that in the C carrier patients(Χ=5.29,P=0.02). Conclusion The T allele of the rs353292 polymorphism is associated with serum hs-CRP levels in CHD patients,and it may affect the occurrence and development of MI by up-regulation of CRP gene through miR-143/145. The rs4705343 polymorphism is not related to the risk and severity of CHD.

Chemical constituents from leaves of Camellia nitidissima var. longistyla (II) / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the root of Camellia nitidissima var. longistyla. Methods The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative HPLC and so on. Their structures were determined by physical constants and spectral analyses. Results Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as kaempferol (1), 3,5,6,7,4'-pentahydroxyflavone (2), 6-hydroxykaempferol (3), (-)-epiafzelechin (4), (-)-epicatechin (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), α-spinasterol (7), β-daucosterol (8), 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (9), 7,3',4'-trimethoxy-5- hydroxyflavone (10), 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (11), 3-O-acetyl oleanolic acid (12), n-tetratriacontanol (13), β-amyrin (14), α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (15), and rutin (16). Conclusion All compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 3, and 9-11 are isolated from the plants of Camellia for the first time.

Risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with atrial septal defect at high altitude area / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) patients living at above 2000 m high altitude area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of PAH in 526 ASD patients out of 1178 congenital heart disease patients who were hospitalized in Qinghai cardiovascular hospital between January 2007 to December 2009 and explored the risk factors including gander, age, altitude, defect size and nationalities for developing PAH in ASD patients using binary logistic regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PAH prevalence was 68.4% (360/526) in ASD patients. The risk factors of developing PAH in these ASD patients were defect size (OR: 1.200, 95%CI: 1.156 - 1.246, P = 0.000), age (OR: 1.027, 95%CI: 1.003 - 1.052, P = 0.025) and altitude (OR: 1.389, 95%CI: 1.001 - 1.637, P = 0.043) while gender and nationality were not risk factors for PAH. The incidence of developing PAH increased with aging (P = 0.000). The standardized ratio of PAH at ≥ 3500 m was 74.8% which was significantly higher than that at 2000 - 2499 m altitude (66.2%, P = 0.005) and at 2500 - 3499 m altitude (66.9%, P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The risk for developing PAH is high in patients living at high altitude area. The risk factors of developing PAH in ASD patients living at high altitude are defect size, age and altitude.</p>

Epidemiological survey of congenital heart disease among people aged from 4 to 18 in Haidong area of Qinghai province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (COHD) among 4 to 17 years old children in Haidong area of Qinghai province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 97 718 children were surveyed with the following 3 steps: prescreening, countershock and confirmation with color Doppler. The distribution patterns were analyzed by national groups, ages and genders respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 496 COHD cases detected. The total incidence was 5.076 per thousand (496/97 718). The incidences of male and female were 5.046 per thousand (256/50 730) and 5.108 per thousand (240/46 988) (chi(2) = 0.018, P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between Pingan county and the others (chi(2) = 10.62, P < 0.01). The highest incidence was in Ledu (5.46 per thousand), the incidences of Huzhu and Pingan county were 5.45 per thousand and 3.64 per thousand respectively. There was no significant difference among different national groups (chi(2) = 0.33, P > 0.05). Among 496 COHD cases, the ratio of atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were 37.30%, 35.69% and 22.18% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Total incidence of COHD was 5.076 per thousand in Haidong area of Qinghai province. The incidence was not different in both genders and national groups. The constitution of COHD in different counties were different.</p>

A cross-sectional study of congenital heart disease among children aged from 4 to 18 years at different altitudes in Qinghai province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children aged from 4 to 18 years were investigated in Qinghai province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Altogether 288 066 children inhabiting at 6 prefectures and 3 counties were examined by the following three steps: pre-screening, re-examination and diagnosis with color Doppler. And the entity distribution was analyzed while the differences were compared by age, gender, altitudes and nationalities respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Altogether 1633 cases of CHD were discovered. The total prevalence of CHD was 5.71 per thousand. The prevalence of CHD was found to increase with the increase of altitude by 4.89 per thousand at the altitude of 2535 m, 5.71 per thousand at 3600 m, and 8.74 per thousand at 4200 m respectively. There were significant differences among different altitude (chi(2) = 54.696, P < 0.001). chi(2) trend analysis showed the increase with chi(2) = 41.826(P < 0.001). The total incidence of CHD in females was 6.95 per thousand, which was significantly higher than that in males with 4.54 per thousand (chi(2) = 73.79, P < 0.001). There were significant differences between males and females at the altitude of 3000 m (chi(2) = 84.733, P < 0.001) and 4000 m (chi(2) = 16.313, P < 0.001) except at the altitude of 2000 m (chi(2) = 0.807, P > 0.05). The prevalence of CHD in different age groups was statistically significant at the every altitude of 2000 m (chi(2) = 18.138, P < 0.001), 3000 m (chi(2) = 18.544, P < 0.001) and 4000 m (chi(2) = 27.535 P < 0.001). The prevalence of CHD was increasing with the increase of age groups at the altitude of 3000 m (chi(2) = 19.230, P < 0.001) and 4000 m (chi(2) = 26.894, P < 0.001) except at the altitude of 2000 m. Within the prevalence of CHD of different nationalities, there was a significant difference with chi(2) = 24.456 (P < 0.001). Within the constituent rate of CHD, the prevalence of atrial septal defect (ASD) was as high as 37.42%, followed by the prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as 28.47% and ventricular septal defect (VSD) as 26.01%. Regarding the four categories of CHD, the constituent rate varied at different altitudes. For example, the prevalence rate of ASD constituted 37% at the altitude of 2000 m and 3000 m, and that of PDA accounted for 46.36% at the altitude of 4200 m.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The epidemiological characteristics of CHD in Qinghai children were possibly associated with altitude levels.</p>

The change of intestinal mucosa barrier in chronic severe hepatitis B patients and clinical intervention / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the change of intestinal mucosa barrier in chronic severe hepatitis B patients and clinical intervention.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>(1) 30 normal healthy controls and 60 chronic severe hepatitis B patients were enrolled in this study. The change of intestinal permeability was determined by urine lactulose/ mannitol ratio (L/M), and the serum diamine oxidase (DAO) was measured. (2) 60 chronic severe hepatitis B patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the treated group, each group has 30 cases. Patients in the control group received standard treatment for 2 weeks, however, in addition to standard treatment, patients in the treated group also received glutamine 10g tid. Endotoxin (ET), DAO and L/M were compared between the two group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Compared to healthy controls, the level of L/M and DAO was significantly increased in chronic severe hepatitis B patients (t = 2.762, P less than 0.01 or t = 6.326, P less than 0.01). (2) Compared to the control group, ET, DAO and L/M were significantly lower 2 weeks after treatment (F = 11.662, P less than 0.01; F = 12.699, P less than 0.01; F = 19.981, P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) There is an early intestinal mucosa barrier damage in chronic severe hepatitis B patients. (2) Compared to standard treatment, adding glutamine can reverse intestinal mucosa barrier damage.</p>

Study on the epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Tibetan ethnic children aged from 4 t0 18 living at different altitudes in Qinghai province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease(CHD)among Tibetan children whose age ranged from 4 to 18 at different altitude were investigated in Qinghai province.Methods 32 578 Tibetan children living at 2535 m,3600 m and 4200 m were surveyed with the following 3 steps:prescreened,counterchecked and diagnosed with color Doppler.The entity distribution was then analysed and the age and gender were compared respectively.Resuits 235 CHD cases were identified.The total morbidity was 7.21‰.CHD morbidity was rising with the increase of altitude with 5.45‰ at 2535 m,6.80‰ at 3600 m and 9.79‰ at 4200 m respectively.There were significant static differences between 4200 m and the others with χ2=7.002(P＜0.01)to 2535 m and χ2=5.540(P＜0.05)to 3600 m.However,there was no statistical difference between 2535 m altitude and 3600 m altitude.The morbidity in different age had no statistical difference at 2535 m altitude but statistically increased with the increase of age at 3600 m and 4200 m.The total ratio of 16-18 age was significantly higher than other age periods with χ2=10.79(P＜0.005)to 4-7 age period and with χ2=5.60(P＜0.05)to 8-12 age period.The atrial septal defect(ASD)morbidity rates in three places was 39.1%followed by ventricular septal defect(VSD)with 32.8%and patent duetus arteriosus(PDA)with 24.7%.However,the constitute of CHD was different in different altitudes that VSD with 43.5%at 2535 m.ASD with 42.8%at 3600 m and PDA with 50.8%at 4200 m which was the highest morbidity.Conclusion Morbidity.constitutes and difference in gender and age were related to altitude.

Cross-sectional study of congenital heart disease among Tibetan children aged from 4 to 18 years at different altitudes in Qinghai Province / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a common heart condition which does considerable harm to the health of children and adolescents. CHD epidemiological characteristics of Tibetan children whose ages ranged from 4 to 18 years were investigated in Qinghai Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 32 578 Tibetan children, living at altitudes of 2535 m, 3600 m and 4200 m, were examined using a three-stage protocol: prescreening, rechecking and diagnosis using a color Doppler. The distribution of CHD at different altitudes was analyzed together with differences in occurrence according to age and gender.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 235 CHD cases were discovered. The total prevalence of CHD was 7.21 per thousand. Prevalence of CHD has been shown to increase along with increase in altitude with 5.45 per thousand at an altitude of 2535 m, 6.80 per thousand at 3600 m and 9.79 per thousand at 4200 m. There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence at 2535 m and 3600 m (chi(2) = 1.594, P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the prevalence at 2535 m and 4200 m (chi(2) = 7.002, P < 0.01). Also, apparent differences existed between the prevalence at 3600 m and at 4200 m (chi(2) = 5.540, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence according to age at an altitude of 2535 m, but the rate of CHD increased significantly along with increasing age at 3600 m and 4200 m. The total prevalence ratio of children aged from 16 to 18 years was significantly higher than that of children from 4 to 7, and from 8 to 12 with chi(2) values of 10.79 (P < 0.005), and 5.60 (P < 0.05) respectively. Within the constituent ratio of CHD, the prevalence of atrial septal defect (ASD) was the highest at 39.10%, followed by the prevalence of ventricular septal defect (VSD) at 32.8% and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at 24.7%. Furthermore the proportion of the four categories of CHD varied at different altitude levels: at 2535 m, of those diagnosed with CHD, the prevalence rate of VSD was the highest at 43.5%, at 3600 m ASD was the highest at 42.8% and at 4200 m, PDA was the highest at 50.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The epidemiological characteristics of CHD in Tibetan children may be associated with altitude levels.</p>

The vasoactive material and pulmonary vascular structural remodeling in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) on pulmonary vascular structural remodeling in rats and pika.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Wistar rats which reside at 2 260 m were carried to 3 417 m. After they were fed 24 hours,2 weeks and 3 weeks respectively, the level of VEGF and ET-1 were measured using a kit by ELISA method. Pulmonary tissue was taken out to stain with elastica-Van Gieson. The amount of pulmonary arteries (< 100 microm) and the component ratio of MA, PMA,and NMA were calculated by using a light microscope. The ratio of right ventricle weight to left ventricle plus septum weight (RV/LV + S) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ET-1 was significantly different in pika as compared with 24 h, 2 weeks, 3 weeks hypoxic rats (P < 0.01) respectively. The levels of VEGF in 2 weeks, 3 weeks rats were much higher than that of pika but no difference was found between pika and 24 h hypoxic rats. The ratio of MA, PMA obviously increased, and NMA decreased significantly, right ventricular hypertrophy was developed in differ groups of hypoxic rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The VEGF and ET-1 participate the muscularization of pulmonary vessels during hypoxia and play an important role in the process of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats, however the VEGF and ET-1 may be maintainable only normal organic function in pika.</p>